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Calculation of Stochastic Heating and Emissivity of Cosmic Dust Grains with Optimization for the Intel Many Integrated Core Architecture

机译:宇宙尘埃粒随机加热和发射率的计算   优化英特尔多核集成架构

摘要

Cosmic dust particles effectively attenuate starlight. Their absorption ofstarlight produces emission spectra from the near- to far-infrared, whichdepends on the sizes and properties of the dust grains, and spectrum of theheating radiation field. The near- to mid-infrared is dominated by theemissions by very small grains. Modeling the absorption of starlight by theseparticles is, however, computationally expensive and a significant bottleneckfor self-consistent radiation transport codes treating the heating of dust bystars. In this paper, we summarize the formalism for computing the stochasticemissivity of cosmic dust, which was developed in earlier works, and present anew library HEATCODE implementing this formalism for the calculation forarbitrary grain properties and heating radiation fields. Our library is highlyoptimized for general-purpose processors with multiple cores and vectorinstructions, with hierarchical memory cache structure. The HEATCODE libraryalso efficiently runs on co-processor cards implementing the Intel ManyIntegrated Core (Intel MIC) architecture. We discuss in detail the optimizationsteps that we took in order to optimize for the Intel MIC architecture, whichalso significantly benefited the performance of the code on general-purposeprocessors, and provide code samples and performance benchmarks for each step.The HEATCODE library performance on a single Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor (IntelMIC architecture) is approximately 2 times a general-purpose two-socketmulticore processor system with approximately the same nominal powerconsumption. The library supports heterogeneous calculations employing hostprocessors simultaneously with multiple coprocessors, and can be easilyincorporated into existing radiation transport codes.
机译:宇宙尘粒有效地减弱了星光。它们吸收星光会产生从近红外到远红外的发射光谱,这取决于尘埃颗粒的大小和性质以及热辐射场的光谱。近红外到中红外主要是很小颗粒的发射。然而,对这些粒子对星光的吸收进行建模在计算上是昂贵的,并且对于处理恒星产生的尘埃的自洽辐射传输代码来说是很大的瓶颈。在本文中,我们总结了早期工作中开发的用于计算宇宙尘埃随机辐射率的形式主义,并提供了一个新的库HEATCODE来实现此形式主义,用于计算任意晶粒性质和热辐射场。我们的库针对具有多核和矢量指令,具有分层内存缓存结构的通用处理器进行了高度优化。 HEATCODE库还可以有效地在实现Intel ManyIntegrated Core(Intel MIC)架构的协处理器卡上运行。我们详细讨论了针对英特尔MIC架构进行优化所采取的优化步骤,这也极大地提高了通用处理器上代码的性能,并为每个步骤提供了代码示例和性能基准。英特尔至强融核协处理器(英特尔MIC架构)大约是标称功耗大致相同的通用两路多核多处理器系统的2倍。该库支持同时使用主处理器和多个协处理器的异构计算,并且可以轻松地并入现有的辐射传输代码中。

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